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| 2013 Constitution of Fiji ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
2013 Constitution of Fiji
Fiji's fourth constitution was signed into law by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau in September 2013.〔("President signs long-awaited Fiji constitution into law" ) Australia Network News, September 19, 2013〕 It is the first to eliminate race-based electoral rolls, race-based seat quotas, district-based representation, the unelected upper chamber, and the role of the hereditary Council of Chiefs. It vests sole legislative authority in a single-chamber, 50-seat, at-large Parliament, to be first convened following general elections in 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2013 Constitution )〕 It is also the first ever to grant the right to multiple citizenship (in effect since 2009 by decree,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Citizenship )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2009 Citizenship Decree (PDF) )〕 on abrogation of the 1997 constitution), and lowers the voting age to 18.
==Background==
Fiji's first constitution, implemented in 1970 at the time of independence from the UK, contained negotiated provisions to enshrine the political supremacy of the minority indigenous population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Time Bomb Lies Buried: Fiji’s Road to Independence, 1960-1970 )〕 When an Indo-Fijian dominated government was elected despite these safeguards in 1987, Fiji's first two back-to-back bloodless coups took place, resulting in even tighter measures in the 1990 constitution.
Widespread Indo-Fijian dissent, coupled with a population shift back to an indigenous majority, prompted a more inclusive approach in the 1997 constitution. This was followed by the election of the first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, and the violent, failed civilian coup of 2000.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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